Practice Free 312-38 Exam Online Questions
Question #81
You are monitoring your network traffic with the Wireshark utility and noticed that your network is experiencing a large amount of traffic from certain region. You suspect a DoS incident on the network.
What will be your first reaction as a first responder?
- A . Disable Virus Protection
- B . Make an initial assessment
- C . Communicate the incident
- D . Avoid Fear, Uncertainty and Doubt
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
As a first responder to a suspected DoS incident, the initial step is to make an assessment of the situation. This involves analyzing the network traffic using tools like Wireshark to confirm the nature of the traffic and determine if it is indeed a DoS attack. The assessment will help in understanding the scope and impact of the incident and is crucial for deciding the subsequent steps in the response process123.
Reference: The importance of making an initial assessment is highlighted in various cybersecurity incident response guidelines and best practices, which recommend starting with an evaluation of the situation before proceeding with any other actions123.
B
Explanation:
As a first responder to a suspected DoS incident, the initial step is to make an assessment of the situation. This involves analyzing the network traffic using tools like Wireshark to confirm the nature of the traffic and determine if it is indeed a DoS attack. The assessment will help in understanding the scope and impact of the incident and is crucial for deciding the subsequent steps in the response process123.
Reference: The importance of making an initial assessment is highlighted in various cybersecurity incident response guidelines and best practices, which recommend starting with an evaluation of the situation before proceeding with any other actions123.
Question #82
Which of the following best describes the Log Normalization process?
- A . It is a process of accepting logs from homogenous sources with the same formats and converting them into a different format
- B . It is a process of accepting logs from homogenous sources with different formats and converting them into a common format
- C . It is a process of accepting logs from heterogeneous sources with different formats and converting them into a common format
- D . It is a process of accepting logs from heterogeneous sources with the same formats and converting them into a different format
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Log normalization is a critical process in network security, particularly within the context of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems. The primary goal of log normalization is to standardize the format of log data received from various sources, which often have different formats and structures. This standardization allows for more efficient and effective analysis, correlation, and storage of log data. By converting disparate log data into a common format, SIEM systems can more easily identify patterns, detect anomalies, and trigger alerts for potential security incidents. This process is essential for managing the complexity and volume of log data in modern network environments.
Reference: The explanation provided is based on the general practices and objectives of network security and SIEM systems as outlined in the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum. For the most accurate and detailed information, please refer to the latest CND study materials and documents available through the EC-Council’s official resources.
C
Explanation:
Log normalization is a critical process in network security, particularly within the context of Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems. The primary goal of log normalization is to standardize the format of log data received from various sources, which often have different formats and structures. This standardization allows for more efficient and effective analysis, correlation, and storage of log data. By converting disparate log data into a common format, SIEM systems can more easily identify patterns, detect anomalies, and trigger alerts for potential security incidents. This process is essential for managing the complexity and volume of log data in modern network environments.
Reference: The explanation provided is based on the general practices and objectives of network security and SIEM systems as outlined in the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum. For the most accurate and detailed information, please refer to the latest CND study materials and documents available through the EC-Council’s official resources.
Question #83
As a network administrator, you have implemented WPA2 encryption in your corporate wireless network. The WPA2’s_________integrity check mechanism provides security against a replay attack
- A . CBC-32
- B . CRC-MAC
- C . CRC-32
- D . CBC-MAC
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
WPA2 uses the Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP), which employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher for data encryption. The integrity check mechanism within WPA2 that provides security against replay attacks is the Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC). CBC-MAC is used to authenticate packets and ensure their integrity, preventing the data from being altered, spoofed, or resent by attackers.
Reference: The information is consistent with the security protocols defined in the IEEE 802.11i standard for WPA2, which includes the use of CBC-MAC for packet authentication and integrity
checks as part of the CCMP1234.
D
Explanation:
WPA2 uses the Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP), which employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher for data encryption. The integrity check mechanism within WPA2 that provides security against replay attacks is the Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code (CBC-MAC). CBC-MAC is used to authenticate packets and ensure their integrity, preventing the data from being altered, spoofed, or resent by attackers.
Reference: The information is consistent with the security protocols defined in the IEEE 802.11i standard for WPA2, which includes the use of CBC-MAC for packet authentication and integrity
checks as part of the CCMP1234.
Question #84
Assume that you are a network administrator and the company has asked you to draft an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for employees.
Under which category of an information security policy does AUP fall into?
- A . System Specific Security Policy (SSSP)
- B . Incident Response Policy (IRP)
- C . Enterprise Information Security Policy (EISP)
- D . Issue Specific Security Policy (ISSP)
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a type of Issue Specific Security Policy (ISSP) that outlines the constraints and practices that users must agree to in order to access the corporate network, endpoints, applications, and the internet. It is designed to provide guidelines for the appropriate use of an organization’s IT resources, including employee conduct, data usage, system access privileges, and the handling of confidential information. The AUP is a crucial part of the security policy framework as it directly addresses specific issues related to the acceptable use of IT resources by employees.
Reference: The categorization of AUP as an ISSP is consistent with standard information security policy frameworks and best practices123.
D
Explanation:
An Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a type of Issue Specific Security Policy (ISSP) that outlines the constraints and practices that users must agree to in order to access the corporate network, endpoints, applications, and the internet. It is designed to provide guidelines for the appropriate use of an organization’s IT resources, including employee conduct, data usage, system access privileges, and the handling of confidential information. The AUP is a crucial part of the security policy framework as it directly addresses specific issues related to the acceptable use of IT resources by employees.
Reference: The categorization of AUP as an ISSP is consistent with standard information security policy frameworks and best practices123.
Question #85
An administrator wants to monitor and inspect large amounts of traffic and detect unauthorized attempts from inside the organization, with the help of an IDS. They are not able to recognize the exact location to deploy the IDS sensor.
Can you help him spot the location where the IDS sensor should be placed?
- A . Location 2
- B . Location 3
- C . Location 4
- D . Location 1
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
In the context of Certified Network Defender (CND), an IDS sensor should be placed at a location where it can effectively monitor and inspect traffic to detect unauthorized attempts. Location 3, which is situated after the firewall but before the network backbone, is ideal for this purpose. At this location, the IDS can analyze traffic that has passed through the firewall, allowing it to focus on potentially harmful traffic that could affect the internal network. It provides visibility into both incoming and outgoing traffic, enabling comprehensive monitoring and detection of any unauthorized or malicious activity.
Reference: The placement of IDS is crucial for effective monitoring and detection, as discussed in EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender courseware12. It is also aligned with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, which emphasizes the importance of identifying, protecting, detecting, responding, and recovering from security incidents2.
B
Explanation:
In the context of Certified Network Defender (CND), an IDS sensor should be placed at a location where it can effectively monitor and inspect traffic to detect unauthorized attempts. Location 3, which is situated after the firewall but before the network backbone, is ideal for this purpose. At this location, the IDS can analyze traffic that has passed through the firewall, allowing it to focus on potentially harmful traffic that could affect the internal network. It provides visibility into both incoming and outgoing traffic, enabling comprehensive monitoring and detection of any unauthorized or malicious activity.
Reference: The placement of IDS is crucial for effective monitoring and detection, as discussed in EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender courseware12. It is also aligned with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, which emphasizes the importance of identifying, protecting, detecting, responding, and recovering from security incidents2.
Question #86
In ______ method, event logs are arranged in the form of a circular buffer.
- A . Non-wrapping method
- B . LIFO method
- C . Wrapping method
- D . FIFO method
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
In the context of event log management, the wrapping method refers to a technique where event logs are arranged in the form of a circular buffer. This means that when the allocated space for the logs is filled, new events start to overwrite the oldest events. This method ensures that the most recent events are always available, but older events are eventually overwritten as new ones come in. It is particularly useful for systems that generate a large number of events and have limited storage capacity for logs.
Reference: The wrapping method is a standard approach in various logging systems and is often used in scenarios where maintaining the most recent logs is more critical than preserving all historical logs indefinitely12.
C
Explanation:
In the context of event log management, the wrapping method refers to a technique where event logs are arranged in the form of a circular buffer. This means that when the allocated space for the logs is filled, new events start to overwrite the oldest events. This method ensures that the most recent events are always available, but older events are eventually overwritten as new ones come in. It is particularly useful for systems that generate a large number of events and have limited storage capacity for logs.
Reference: The wrapping method is a standard approach in various logging systems and is often used in scenarios where maintaining the most recent logs is more critical than preserving all historical logs indefinitely12.
Question #87
USB ports enabled on a laptop is an example of____
- A . System Attack Surface
- B . Network Attack Surface
- C . Physical Attack Surface
- D . Software attack Surface
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
The term “attack surface” refers to the sum of all possible points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. The enabled USB ports on a laptop are considered a part of the physical attack surface because they allow for physical interaction with the device. This includes the potential for unauthorized devices to be connected, which could be used to compromise security, such as through the introduction of malware or the unauthorized copying of sensitive data.
Reference: This explanation aligns with the definitions provided in network security resources, which categorize attack surfaces based on the nature of the interaction―physical, network, or software12. The reference to the physical attack surface includes any physical means by which data can be compromised, which encompasses USB ports on a laptop1.
C
Explanation:
The term “attack surface” refers to the sum of all possible points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment. The enabled USB ports on a laptop are considered a part of the physical attack surface because they allow for physical interaction with the device. This includes the potential for unauthorized devices to be connected, which could be used to compromise security, such as through the introduction of malware or the unauthorized copying of sensitive data.
Reference: This explanation aligns with the definitions provided in network security resources, which categorize attack surfaces based on the nature of the interaction―physical, network, or software12. The reference to the physical attack surface includes any physical means by which data can be compromised, which encompasses USB ports on a laptop1.
Question #88
The————–protocol works in the network layer and is responsible for handling the error codes during the delivery of packets. This protocol is also responsible for providing communication in the TCP/IP stack.
- A . RARP
- B . ICMP
- C . DHCP
- D . ARP
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) operates at the network layer and is integral to the Internet Protocol suite. It is utilized primarily for error handling during packet delivery, such as informing senders of a failed delivery due to unreachable destinations or other path-related issues. ICMP is also used for diagnostic purposes, with tools like ping and traceroute relying on ICMP messages to test connectivity and trace packet routes. Unlike transport layer protocols like TCP or UDP, ICMP does not establish a connection before sending messages, making it a connectionless protocol. This characteristic allows ICMP to quickly relay error messages and network information without the overhead of establishing a session.
Reference: The role and functions of ICMP are well-documented in resources such as GeeksforGeeks, ExploringBits, and IBM’s TCP/IP concepts, which align with the ECCouncil’s Network Defender (CND) objectives and documents123.
B
Explanation:
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) operates at the network layer and is integral to the Internet Protocol suite. It is utilized primarily for error handling during packet delivery, such as informing senders of a failed delivery due to unreachable destinations or other path-related issues. ICMP is also used for diagnostic purposes, with tools like ping and traceroute relying on ICMP messages to test connectivity and trace packet routes. Unlike transport layer protocols like TCP or UDP, ICMP does not establish a connection before sending messages, making it a connectionless protocol. This characteristic allows ICMP to quickly relay error messages and network information without the overhead of establishing a session.
Reference: The role and functions of ICMP are well-documented in resources such as GeeksforGeeks, ExploringBits, and IBM’s TCP/IP concepts, which align with the ECCouncil’s Network Defender (CND) objectives and documents123.
Question #89
Which antenna’s characteristic refer to the calculation of radiated in a particular direction.
It is generally the ratio of radiation intensity in a given direction to the average radiation intensity?
- A . Radiation pattern
- B . Polarization
- C . Directivity
- D . Typical gain
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Directivity of an antenna refers to the measure of how concentrated the radiation emitted is in a single direction. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. In simpler terms, it is the calculation of radiated power in a particular direction compared to the average radiated power in all directions. This characteristic is crucial for antennas designed to transmit or receive signals in a specific direction, making it an essential parameter for many communication systems.
Reference: The concept of directivity and its importance in antenna design is covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which include discussions on various antenna characteristics and their impact on network security12.
C
Explanation:
Directivity of an antenna refers to the measure of how concentrated the radiation emitted is in a single direction. It is defined as the ratio of the radiation intensity in a given direction from the antenna to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions. In simpler terms, it is the calculation of radiated power in a particular direction compared to the average radiated power in all directions. This characteristic is crucial for antennas designed to transmit or receive signals in a specific direction, making it an essential parameter for many communication systems.
Reference: The concept of directivity and its importance in antenna design is covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) course materials, which include discussions on various antenna characteristics and their impact on network security12.
Question #90
What is the IT security team responsible for effectively managing the security of the organization’s IT infrastructure, called?
- A . Grey Team
- B . Red Team
- C . Blue Team
- D . Yellow Team
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
In the context of cybersecurity, the Blue Team refers to the group responsible for defending an organization’s IT infrastructure. This team’s primary focus is on internal security measures, maintaining defensive protocols, and ensuring that the organization’s systems and data are protected against cyber threats. They are tasked with the effective management of security controls, incident response, and the overall maintenance of the organization’s cybersecurity posture.
Reference: The Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council includes modules that cover network security controls, protocols, perimeter appliances, secure IDS, VPN, and firewall configuration, which are all relevant to the functions of a Blue Team.
The CND curriculum also emphasizes the importance of understanding and responding to cyber threats, which aligns with the Blue Team’s role in an organization’s IT security framework.
C
Explanation:
In the context of cybersecurity, the Blue Team refers to the group responsible for defending an organization’s IT infrastructure. This team’s primary focus is on internal security measures, maintaining defensive protocols, and ensuring that the organization’s systems and data are protected against cyber threats. They are tasked with the effective management of security controls, incident response, and the overall maintenance of the organization’s cybersecurity posture.
Reference: The Certified Network Defender (CND) course by EC-Council includes modules that cover network security controls, protocols, perimeter appliances, secure IDS, VPN, and firewall configuration, which are all relevant to the functions of a Blue Team.
The CND curriculum also emphasizes the importance of understanding and responding to cyber threats, which aligns with the Blue Team’s role in an organization’s IT security framework.