Practice Free 312-38 Exam Online Questions
Question #71
What can be the possible number of IP addresses that can be assigned to the hosts present in a subnet having 255.255.255.224 subnet mask?
- A . 62
- B . 30
- C . 14
- D . 126
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
A subnet with a mask of 255.255.255.224 (or /27 in CIDR notation) allows for 32 IP addresses in total. However, the first address is reserved for the network address, and the last is reserved for the broadcast address. This leaves 30 usable IP addresses for hosts within the subnet.
Reference: This explanation is based on standard IP addressing rules and subnetting practices that are part of the foundational knowledge for network security and are covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The subnetting concept is also supported by resources such as IP subnet calculators and networking cheat sheets12.
B
Explanation:
A subnet with a mask of 255.255.255.224 (or /27 in CIDR notation) allows for 32 IP addresses in total. However, the first address is reserved for the network address, and the last is reserved for the broadcast address. This leaves 30 usable IP addresses for hosts within the subnet.
Reference: This explanation is based on standard IP addressing rules and subnetting practices that are part of the foundational knowledge for network security and are covered in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The subnetting concept is also supported by resources such as IP subnet calculators and networking cheat sheets12.
Question #72
Which type of attack is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, resulting in overloading the server with connections and preventing any new connections?
- A . XSS
- B . DDoS
- C . XCRF
- D . Sniffing
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The type of attack that is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, causing it to overload with connections and preventing any new connections, is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, multiple compromised computer systems, which can include IoT devices, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. These attacks can overwhelm the target with a flood of internet traffic, which can lead to the server being unable to process legitimate requests, effectively taking it offline.
Reference: The concept of DDoS attacks utilizing IoT devices to flood targets with traffic is well-documented in cybersecurity literature. Such attacks exploit the connectivity and processing power of IoT devices to launch large-scale assaults on web servers and other online services, leading to the overloading of these systems123. This aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding and defending against such network security threats.
B
Explanation:
The type of attack that is used to hack an IoT device and direct large amounts of network traffic toward a web server, causing it to overload with connections and preventing any new connections, is known as a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. In a DDoS attack, multiple compromised computer systems, which can include IoT devices, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. These attacks can overwhelm the target with a flood of internet traffic, which can lead to the server being unable to process legitimate requests, effectively taking it offline.
Reference: The concept of DDoS attacks utilizing IoT devices to flood targets with traffic is well-documented in cybersecurity literature. Such attacks exploit the connectivity and processing power of IoT devices to launch large-scale assaults on web servers and other online services, leading to the overloading of these systems123. This aligns with the objectives and documents of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which includes understanding and defending against such network security threats.
Question #73
Geon Solutions INC., had only 10 employees when it started. But as business grew, the organization had to increase the amount of staff. The network administrator is finding it difficult to accommodate an increasing number of employees in the existing network topology. So the organization is planning to implement a new topology where it will be easy to accommodate an increasing number of employees.
Which network topology will help the administrator solve the problem of needing to add new employees and expand?
- A . Bus
- B . Star
- C . Ring
- D . Mesh
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The star topology is the most suitable for accommodating an increasing number of employees because it allows for easy addition of new nodes or computers without disrupting the existing network. In a star topology, each node is independently connected to a central hub. If a new employee is added, they can be connected to the hub without affecting the other nodes. This topology also simplifies troubleshooting, as each connection can be individually assessed without taking down the entire network. Furthermore, the star topology is known for its scalability and robustness, making it ideal for a growing company like Geon Solutions INC.
Reference: The information aligns with the best practices for expanding business networks as described in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which emphasizes the importance of a scalable and robust network topology for business growth12. Additionally, industry sources confirm that the star topology is recommended for large business offices due to its simplicity, scalability, and ease of expansion
B
Explanation:
The star topology is the most suitable for accommodating an increasing number of employees because it allows for easy addition of new nodes or computers without disrupting the existing network. In a star topology, each node is independently connected to a central hub. If a new employee is added, they can be connected to the hub without affecting the other nodes. This topology also simplifies troubleshooting, as each connection can be individually assessed without taking down the entire network. Furthermore, the star topology is known for its scalability and robustness, making it ideal for a growing company like Geon Solutions INC.
Reference: The information aligns with the best practices for expanding business networks as described in the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program, which emphasizes the importance of a scalable and robust network topology for business growth12. Additionally, industry sources confirm that the star topology is recommended for large business offices due to its simplicity, scalability, and ease of expansion
Question #74
Harry has sued the company claiming they made his personal information public on a social networking site in the United States. The company denies the allegations and consulted a/an ______for legal advice to defend them against this allegation.
- A . PR Specialist
- B . Attorney
- C . Incident Handler
- D . Evidence Manager
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
In the context of legal proceedings, especially when facing allegations of making personal information public, a company would seek the expertise of an attorney. An attorney is qualified to provide legal advice, represent the company in court, and help navigate the complexities of the law regarding data protection and privacy. They would also assist in formulating a defense strategy and ensure that the company’s rights are protected throughout the legal process.
Reference: The role of an attorney in defending against allegations of public disclosure of personal information is supported by legal practices and the advice provided by law firms and legal experts12345.
B
Explanation:
In the context of legal proceedings, especially when facing allegations of making personal information public, a company would seek the expertise of an attorney. An attorney is qualified to provide legal advice, represent the company in court, and help navigate the complexities of the law regarding data protection and privacy. They would also assist in formulating a defense strategy and ensure that the company’s rights are protected throughout the legal process.
Reference: The role of an attorney in defending against allegations of public disclosure of personal information is supported by legal practices and the advice provided by law firms and legal experts12345.
Question #75
Which of the following is true regarding any attack surface?
- A . Decrease in vulnerabilities decreases the attack surface
- B . Increase in vulnerabilities decreases the attack surface
- C . Decrease in risk exposures increases the attack surface
- D . Decrease in vulnerabilities increases the attack surface
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The attack surface of a system refers to the sum of all potential points where an unauthorized user can try to enter or extract data from that system. It encompasses all the vulnerabilities, including software flaws, unsecured network ports, and unprotected system endpoints. Therefore, when vulnerabilities are decreased, the attack surface is reduced because there are fewer opportunities for an attacker to exploit. This is a fundamental concept in network security, as reducing the attack surface is a critical step in protecting systems against unauthorized access and potential breaches.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the definitions and concepts of attack surfaces as described in network security literature and the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of minimizing vulnerabilities to reduce the overall attack surface123.
A
Explanation:
The attack surface of a system refers to the sum of all potential points where an unauthorized user can try to enter or extract data from that system. It encompasses all the vulnerabilities, including software flaws, unsecured network ports, and unprotected system endpoints. Therefore, when vulnerabilities are decreased, the attack surface is reduced because there are fewer opportunities for an attacker to exploit. This is a fundamental concept in network security, as reducing the attack surface is a critical step in protecting systems against unauthorized access and potential breaches.
Reference: The explanation aligns with the definitions and concepts of attack surfaces as described in network security literature and the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which emphasizes the importance of minimizing vulnerabilities to reduce the overall attack surface123.
Question #76
Jeanne is working as a network administrator in an IT company. She wants to control/limit container access to CPU, memory, swap, block IO (rates), network.
Which Linux kernel feature allows Jeanne to manage, restrict, and audit groups of the process?
- A . Cgroups
- B . LSMs
- C . Seccomp
- D . Userns
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Cgroups, or control groups, are a feature of the Linux kernel that allows system administrators to allocate, limit, and monitor the resources used by sets of processes. Jeanne can use cgroups to manage and restrict access to CPU, memory, swap, block IO rates, and network resources for containers. This feature also enables the auditing of process groups, making it possible to track the resource usage and ensure that each container only uses its allocated share, preventing any single process from monopolizing system resources.
Reference: The functionality of cgroups is well-documented in the Linux kernel documentation and is a fundamental topic in system administration, which is relevant to the objectives of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The use of cgroups for managing system resources is also a standard practice in Linux-based environments12.
C
Explanation:
Cgroups, or control groups, are a feature of the Linux kernel that allows system administrators to allocate, limit, and monitor the resources used by sets of processes. Jeanne can use cgroups to manage and restrict access to CPU, memory, swap, block IO rates, and network resources for containers. This feature also enables the auditing of process groups, making it possible to track the resource usage and ensure that each container only uses its allocated share, preventing any single process from monopolizing system resources.
Reference: The functionality of cgroups is well-documented in the Linux kernel documentation and is a fundamental topic in system administration, which is relevant to the objectives of the EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program. The use of cgroups for managing system resources is also a standard practice in Linux-based environments12.
Question #77
A popular e-commerce company has recently received a lot of complaints from its customers. Most of the complaints are about the customers being redirected to some other website when trying to access the e-com site, leading to all their systems being compromised and corrupted. Upon investigation, the network admin of the firm discovered that some adversary had manipulated the company’s IP address in the domain name server’s cache.
What is such an attack called?
- A . DNS Poisoning
- B . DNS Application
- C . DNS Attacked by DDoS
- D . DNS Hijacking
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The attack described is known as DNS Poisoning, also referred to as DNS Spoofing. This type of attack occurs when an attacker manipulates the DNS server’s cache, so that the server returns an incorrect IP address for a website. This results in users being redirected to malicious websites instead of the intended destination. The attacker’s goal is typically to spread malware, steal personal information, or disrupt services. DNS Poisoning is a serious security threat because it can be used to compromise entire networks and is difficult to detect.
Reference: The concept of DNS Poisoning is a well-established security concern and is covered in various cybersecurity resources as a common method of attack12345.
A
Explanation:
The attack described is known as DNS Poisoning, also referred to as DNS Spoofing. This type of attack occurs when an attacker manipulates the DNS server’s cache, so that the server returns an incorrect IP address for a website. This results in users being redirected to malicious websites instead of the intended destination. The attacker’s goal is typically to spread malware, steal personal information, or disrupt services. DNS Poisoning is a serious security threat because it can be used to compromise entire networks and is difficult to detect.
Reference: The concept of DNS Poisoning is a well-established security concern and is covered in various cybersecurity resources as a common method of attack12345.
Question #78
Which of the following DDoS attacks overloads a service by sending inundate packets?
- A . Network-centric attack
- B . Application-centric attack
- C . Web-centric attack
- D . System-centric attack
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
In the context of DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, a network-centric attack is one that targets the network layer of a system’s architecture. This type of attack aims to overload a service by inundating it with a flood of packets, which can be achieved through methods like ICMP floods or UDP floods. These attacks consume the bandwidth of the targeted site, effectively saturating it with traffic and preventing legitimate traffic from being processed.
Reference: The explanation provided aligns with the objectives and documents of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which covers various types of DDoS attacks, including network-centric attacks that focus on overwhelming a service with excessive traffic.
A
Explanation:
In the context of DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks, a network-centric attack is one that targets the network layer of a system’s architecture. This type of attack aims to overload a service by inundating it with a flood of packets, which can be achieved through methods like ICMP floods or UDP floods. These attacks consume the bandwidth of the targeted site, effectively saturating it with traffic and preventing legitimate traffic from being processed.
Reference: The explanation provided aligns with the objectives and documents of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which covers various types of DDoS attacks, including network-centric attacks that focus on overwhelming a service with excessive traffic.
Question #79
Which of following are benefits of using loT devices in loT-enabled environments? I. loT device car be connected anytime M. loT device can be connected at any place ill. loT devices connected to anything
- A . I, II and III
- B . I
- C . II
- D . I and II
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The benefits of using IoT devices in IoT-enabled environments encompass the ability to connect devices anytime, anywhere, and to anything. This means that IoT devices can be connected and communicate with each other and the internet 24/7 (I), from any location (II), and can be integrated with various systems and applications (III). These capabilities enable a wide range of functionalities, such as remote monitoring, data collection, and control of devices across different environments, leading to improved efficiency, convenience, and decision-making.
Reference: The benefits mentioned are consistent with the advancements and applications of IoT as outlined in various sources, including environmental monitoring, predictive maintenance, and smart environment systems123456.
A
Explanation:
The benefits of using IoT devices in IoT-enabled environments encompass the ability to connect devices anytime, anywhere, and to anything. This means that IoT devices can be connected and communicate with each other and the internet 24/7 (I), from any location (II), and can be integrated with various systems and applications (III). These capabilities enable a wide range of functionalities, such as remote monitoring, data collection, and control of devices across different environments, leading to improved efficiency, convenience, and decision-making.
Reference: The benefits mentioned are consistent with the advancements and applications of IoT as outlined in various sources, including environmental monitoring, predictive maintenance, and smart environment systems123456.
Question #80
Which of the following VPN topologies establishes a persistent connection between an organization’s main office and its branch offices using a third-party network or the Internet?
- A . Star
- B . Point-to-Point
- C . Full Mesh
- D . Hub-and-Spoke
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The Hub-and-Spoke VPN topology is designed to establish a persistent connection between a central hub, typically an organization’s main office, and its various branches. This topology is efficient for organizations with many branch offices that need to communicate with the main office but not necessarily with each other directly. It uses a third-party network or the Internet to create these connections, allowing for secure communication over potentially insecure networks like the Internet. The hub-and-spoke model reduces the number of tunnels required compared to other topologies, such as full mesh, which needs a direct tunnel between each site.
Reference: The information aligns with the VPN topologies described in Cisco’s documentation, which details that a hub-and-spoke topology usually represents an intranet VPN that connects an enterprise’s main office with branch offices using persistent connections12.
D
Explanation:
The Hub-and-Spoke VPN topology is designed to establish a persistent connection between a central hub, typically an organization’s main office, and its various branches. This topology is efficient for organizations with many branch offices that need to communicate with the main office but not necessarily with each other directly. It uses a third-party network or the Internet to create these connections, allowing for secure communication over potentially insecure networks like the Internet. The hub-and-spoke model reduces the number of tunnels required compared to other topologies, such as full mesh, which needs a direct tunnel between each site.
Reference: The information aligns with the VPN topologies described in Cisco’s documentation, which details that a hub-and-spoke topology usually represents an intranet VPN that connects an enterprise’s main office with branch offices using persistent connections12.