Practice Free 312-38 Exam Online Questions
Question #91
Which technique is used in RAID level 0 where the data is split into blocks and written evenly across multiple disks?
- A . Disk mirroring
- B . Disk stripping
- C . Data splitting
- D . Disk partition
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
RAID level 0 employs a technique known as disk stripping, which involves splitting data into blocks and distributing them evenly across multiple disks. This method enhances performance by allowing simultaneous read and write operations on multiple drives. However, it does not provide redundancy, meaning if one drive fails, all data on the array could be lost. The primary advantage of disk stripping is the improved I/O performance due to the parallel processing of data across the drives.
Reference: This explanation is based on standard RAID technology descriptions, which are part of the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum that covers various data storage strategies, including RAID configurations1234.
B
Explanation:
RAID level 0 employs a technique known as disk stripping, which involves splitting data into blocks and distributing them evenly across multiple disks. This method enhances performance by allowing simultaneous read and write operations on multiple drives. However, it does not provide redundancy, meaning if one drive fails, all data on the array could be lost. The primary advantage of disk stripping is the improved I/O performance due to the parallel processing of data across the drives.
Reference: This explanation is based on standard RAID technology descriptions, which are part of the Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum that covers various data storage strategies, including RAID configurations1234.
Question #92
Which of the following is a data destruction technique that protects the sensitivity of information against a laboratory attack where an unauthorized individual uses signal processing recovery tools in a laboratory environment to recover the information?
- A . Purging
- B . Destroying
- C . Clearing
- D . Disposal
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
Purging is a data destruction technique designed to protect the sensitivity of information against laboratory attacks. In such attacks, unauthorized individuals may use advanced signal processing recovery tools to recover previously stored information. Purging involves removing the stored data in a way that it cannot be reconstructed by any means, including laboratory techniques. This process often includes degaussing, which demagnetizes the magnetic field of storage media, thereby making data recovery virtually impossible.
Reference: The information provided aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course’s objectives regarding data destruction and protection against laboratory attacks. For more detailed information, please refer to the official CND study guide and documents.
A
Explanation:
Purging is a data destruction technique designed to protect the sensitivity of information against laboratory attacks. In such attacks, unauthorized individuals may use advanced signal processing recovery tools to recover previously stored information. Purging involves removing the stored data in a way that it cannot be reconstructed by any means, including laboratory techniques. This process often includes degaussing, which demagnetizes the magnetic field of storage media, thereby making data recovery virtually impossible.
Reference: The information provided aligns with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course’s objectives regarding data destruction and protection against laboratory attacks. For more detailed information, please refer to the official CND study guide and documents.
Question #93
Which of the following RAID storage techniques divides the data into multiple blocks, which are further written across the RAID system?
- A . Mirroring
- B . Striping
- C . None of these
- D . Parity
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
In RAID storage, striping is the technique that divides data into blocks and spreads them across multiple drives in the RAID array. This method enhances performance by allowing the drives to read and write data simultaneously, effectively increasing throughput and speed. Unlike mirroring, which duplicates data across drives, or parity, which provides redundancy, striping solely focuses on performance by distributing data across the RAID system without redundancy.
Reference: The concept of striping is associated with various RAID levels, particularly RAID 0, which is known for its striping technique without redundancy1. This information aligns with the objectives and documents of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which covers RAID storage techniques as part of its curriculum.
B
Explanation:
In RAID storage, striping is the technique that divides data into blocks and spreads them across multiple drives in the RAID array. This method enhances performance by allowing the drives to read and write data simultaneously, effectively increasing throughput and speed. Unlike mirroring, which duplicates data across drives, or parity, which provides redundancy, striping solely focuses on performance by distributing data across the RAID system without redundancy.
Reference: The concept of striping is associated with various RAID levels, particularly RAID 0, which is known for its striping technique without redundancy1. This information aligns with the objectives and documents of the Certified Network Defender (CND) course, which covers RAID storage techniques as part of its curriculum.
Question #94
Identify the Password Attack Technique in which the adversary attacks cryptographic hash functions based on the probability, that if a hashing process is used for creating a key, then the same is used for other keys?
- A . Dictionary Attack
- B . Brute Forcing Attack
- C . Hybrid Attack
- D . Birthday Attack
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
The Birthday Attack is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack is relevant to the question as it involves attacking cryptographic hash functions based on the probability of collisions. In the context of hash functions, a collision occurs when two different inputs produce the same hash output. The Birthday Attack leverages the fact that in a set of randomly chosen keys, it is probable that two keys will have the same hash value. This is analogous to the birthday paradox, where in a group of people, there’s a high probability that two individuals will share the same birthday. The attack does not rely on the strength or weakness of the hash function itself, but on the statistical likelihood of these collisions occurring, which is surprisingly high even for large sets of possible hash values.
Reference: The explanation is based on the principles of cryptographic hash functions and the birthday problem as described in standard cryptography literature and resources123.
D
Explanation:
The Birthday Attack is a type of cryptographic attack that exploits the mathematics behind the birthday problem in probability theory. This attack is relevant to the question as it involves attacking cryptographic hash functions based on the probability of collisions. In the context of hash functions, a collision occurs when two different inputs produce the same hash output. The Birthday Attack leverages the fact that in a set of randomly chosen keys, it is probable that two keys will have the same hash value. This is analogous to the birthday paradox, where in a group of people, there’s a high probability that two individuals will share the same birthday. The attack does not rely on the strength or weakness of the hash function itself, but on the statistical likelihood of these collisions occurring, which is surprisingly high even for large sets of possible hash values.
Reference: The explanation is based on the principles of cryptographic hash functions and the birthday problem as described in standard cryptography literature and resources123.
Question #95
The risk assessment team in Southern California has estimated that the probability of an incident that has potential to impact almost 80% of the bank’s business is very high.
How should this risk be categorized in the risk matrix?
- A . High
- B . Medium
- C . Extreme
- D . Low
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
In the context of risk assessment, an incident that has a very high probability of occurring and the potential to impact almost 80% of a business is considered an extreme risk. This categorization is based on the severity of the impact and the likelihood of the event. The risk matrix, a tool used in risk assessment, helps in the classification of risks by considering both the impact and the probability of potential incidents. An event that affects such a significant portion of the business would typically necessitate immediate attention and the implementation of mitigation strategies to prevent substantial loss or damage.
Reference: The Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum includes principles of risk assessment and the use of risk matrices to categorize and prioritize risks. It outlines that risks with high impact and high probability should be classified as extreme, requiring urgent action12.
C
Explanation:
In the context of risk assessment, an incident that has a very high probability of occurring and the potential to impact almost 80% of a business is considered an extreme risk. This categorization is based on the severity of the impact and the likelihood of the event. The risk matrix, a tool used in risk assessment, helps in the classification of risks by considering both the impact and the probability of potential incidents. An event that affects such a significant portion of the business would typically necessitate immediate attention and the implementation of mitigation strategies to prevent substantial loss or damage.
Reference: The Certified Network Defender (CND) curriculum includes principles of risk assessment and the use of risk matrices to categorize and prioritize risks. It outlines that risks with high impact and high probability should be classified as extreme, requiring urgent action12.
Question #96
Fred is a network technician working for Johnson Services, a temporary employment agency in Boston. Johnson Services has three remote offices in New England and the headquarters in Boston where Fred works.
The company relies on a number of customized applications to perform daily tasks and unfortunately these applications require users to be local administrators. Because of this, Fred’s supervisor wants to implement tighter security measures in other areas to compensate for the inherent risks in making those users local admins. Fred’s boss wants a solution that will be placed on all computers throughout the company and monitored by Fred. This solution will gather information on all network traffic to and from the local computers without actually affecting the traffic.
What type of solution does Fred’s boss want to implement?
- A . Fred’s boss wants a NIDS implementation.
- B . Fred’s boss wants Fred to monitor a NIPS system.
- C . Fred’s boss wants to implement a HIPS solution.
- D . Fred’s boss wants to implement a HIDS solution.
Correct Answer: A
A
Explanation:
The solution described is a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). A NIDS is designed to monitor and analyze network traffic for all computers on a network without affecting the traffic flow.
It gathers information on potential security threats and alerts the network administrator―in this case, Fred―without taking direct action to block the traffic. This aligns with the requirement of Fred’s boss for a solution that monitors network traffic and gathers information without impacting it. Unlike a Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS), which actively blocks potential threats, or Host-based Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (HIDS/HIPS), which are installed on individual hosts, a NIDS operates at the network level to monitor traffic across all systems.
Reference: The characteristics of a NIDS, as opposed to NIPS, HIDS, or HIPS, are well-documented in cybersecurity literature and align with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course objectives and documents.
A
Explanation:
The solution described is a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS). A NIDS is designed to monitor and analyze network traffic for all computers on a network without affecting the traffic flow.
It gathers information on potential security threats and alerts the network administrator―in this case, Fred―without taking direct action to block the traffic. This aligns with the requirement of Fred’s boss for a solution that monitors network traffic and gathers information without impacting it. Unlike a Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS), which actively blocks potential threats, or Host-based Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (HIDS/HIPS), which are installed on individual hosts, a NIDS operates at the network level to monitor traffic across all systems.
Reference: The characteristics of a NIDS, as opposed to NIPS, HIDS, or HIPS, are well-documented in cybersecurity literature and align with the Certified Network Defender (CND) course objectives and documents.
Question #97
David is working in a mid-sized IT company. Management asks him to suggest a framework that can be used effectively to align the IT goals to the business goals of the company. David suggests the______framework, as it provides a set of controls over IT and consolidates them to form a framework.
- A . RMIS
- B . ITIL
- C . ISO 27007
- D . COBIT
Correct Answer: D
D
Explanation:
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework designed to help organizations develop, implement, monitor, and improve IT governance and management practices. It is recognized for its comprehensive approach to aligning IT goals with business objectives, ensuring that IT investments support the overall strategic direction of the company. COBIT provides a set of controls over IT and consolidates them into a framework that helps organizations ensure that their IT infrastructure is secure, reliable, and efficient, while also being aligned with their business goals12.
Reference: ISACA’s “Connecting Business and IT Goals Through COBIT 5” article provides insights into how COBIT 5 connects business goals with IT goals using non-technical, business language1.
The Interface Technical Training blog post on “Aligning IT goals using the COBIT5 Goals Cascade” explains the process of translating stakeholder needs into enterprise goals, IT-related goals, and enabler goals, which is key to supporting alignment between an enterprise’s needs and IT solutions and services2.
D
Explanation:
COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a framework designed to help organizations develop, implement, monitor, and improve IT governance and management practices. It is recognized for its comprehensive approach to aligning IT goals with business objectives, ensuring that IT investments support the overall strategic direction of the company. COBIT provides a set of controls over IT and consolidates them into a framework that helps organizations ensure that their IT infrastructure is secure, reliable, and efficient, while also being aligned with their business goals12.
Reference: ISACA’s “Connecting Business and IT Goals Through COBIT 5” article provides insights into how COBIT 5 connects business goals with IT goals using non-technical, business language1.
The Interface Technical Training blog post on “Aligning IT goals using the COBIT5 Goals Cascade” explains the process of translating stakeholder needs into enterprise goals, IT-related goals, and enabler goals, which is key to supporting alignment between an enterprise’s needs and IT solutions and services2.
Question #98
The SOC manager is reviewing logs in AlienVault USM to investigate an intrusion on the network.
Which CND approach is being used?
- A . Preventive
- B . Reactive
- C . Retrospective
- D . Deterrent
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The SOC manager reviewing logs in AlienVault USM to investigate an intrusion is employing a reactive approach. This approach is characterized by actions taken in response to an event or incident that has already occurred. In this context, the SOC manager is analyzing the logs to understand the intrusion after it has been detected, which is a form of reactive security measure.
Reference: The use of AlienVault USM for log review and intrusion investigation is a common practice in Security Operations Centers (SOCs) as part of their incident response procedures, which is a reactive approach to cybersecurity threats1.
B
Explanation:
The SOC manager reviewing logs in AlienVault USM to investigate an intrusion is employing a reactive approach. This approach is characterized by actions taken in response to an event or incident that has already occurred. In this context, the SOC manager is analyzing the logs to understand the intrusion after it has been detected, which is a form of reactive security measure.
Reference: The use of AlienVault USM for log review and intrusion investigation is a common practice in Security Operations Centers (SOCs) as part of their incident response procedures, which is a reactive approach to cybersecurity threats1.
Question #99
Which firewall can a network administrator use for better bandwidth management, deep packet inspection, and Hateful inspection?
- A . Circuit-level gateway firewall
- B . Next generation firewall
- C . Network address translation
- D . Stateful muIti-layer inspection firewall
Correct Answer: B
B
Explanation:
The next generation firewall (NGFW) is designed to address the requirements of better bandwidth management, deep packet inspection, and advanced inspection capabilities. Unlike traditional firewalls, NGFWs include additional features such as application awareness and control, integrated intrusion prevention, and cloud-delivered threat intelligence. They are capable of performing deeper inspections at Layer 7, identifying applications, and enforcing security policies more effectively. This makes them suitable for managing bandwidth efficiently, conducting deep packet inspection to prevent advanced threats, and performing thorough inspections for harmful activities1234.
Reference: EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program outlines the importance of understanding and using IDS/IPS technologies and configuring optimum firewall solutions, which aligns with the capabilities of NGFWs5.
The CND course also emphasizes the protect, detect, respond, and predict approach to network security, which is a core feature of NGFWs6.
Additional information on NGFWs and their role in network security can be found in the detailed descriptions provided by various cybersecurity resources1234.
B
Explanation:
The next generation firewall (NGFW) is designed to address the requirements of better bandwidth management, deep packet inspection, and advanced inspection capabilities. Unlike traditional firewalls, NGFWs include additional features such as application awareness and control, integrated intrusion prevention, and cloud-delivered threat intelligence. They are capable of performing deeper inspections at Layer 7, identifying applications, and enforcing security policies more effectively. This makes them suitable for managing bandwidth efficiently, conducting deep packet inspection to prevent advanced threats, and performing thorough inspections for harmful activities1234.
Reference: EC-Council’s Certified Network Defender (CND) program outlines the importance of understanding and using IDS/IPS technologies and configuring optimum firewall solutions, which aligns with the capabilities of NGFWs5.
The CND course also emphasizes the protect, detect, respond, and predict approach to network security, which is a core feature of NGFWs6.
Additional information on NGFWs and their role in network security can be found in the detailed descriptions provided by various cybersecurity resources1234.
Question #100
John is a senior network security administrator working at a multinational company. He wants to block specific syscalls from being used by container binaries.
Which Linux kernel feature restricts actions within the container?
- A . Cgroups
- B . LSMs
- C . Seccomp
- D . Userns
Correct Answer: C
C
Explanation:
Seccomp, which stands for secure computing mode, is a Linux kernel feature that enables the restriction of a process’s system calls (syscalls). It provides a means to sandbox the privileges of a process, thereby limiting the calls it can make from userspace into the kernel. This feature is particularly useful for enhancing the security of containers by restricting the syscalls that container binaries are allowed to execute, thus preventing potential exploitation of syscall vulnerabilities.
Reference: The explanation is based on the Kubernetes documentation, which outlines how to restrict a container’s syscalls with seccomp, and confirms its stability since Kubernetes v1.191. Further information can be found in the Kubernetes tutorial on seccomp2, and AWS documentation that describes seccomp as a feature for restricting unauthorized syscalls by programs3.
C
Explanation:
Seccomp, which stands for secure computing mode, is a Linux kernel feature that enables the restriction of a process’s system calls (syscalls). It provides a means to sandbox the privileges of a process, thereby limiting the calls it can make from userspace into the kernel. This feature is particularly useful for enhancing the security of containers by restricting the syscalls that container binaries are allowed to execute, thus preventing potential exploitation of syscall vulnerabilities.
Reference: The explanation is based on the Kubernetes documentation, which outlines how to restrict a container’s syscalls with seccomp, and confirms its stability since Kubernetes v1.191. Further information can be found in the Kubernetes tutorial on seccomp2, and AWS documentation that describes seccomp as a feature for restricting unauthorized syscalls by programs3.